We prove a congruence criterion for the algebraic theory of power operations in Morava E-theory, analogous to Wilkerson's congruence criterion for torsion free λ-rings. In addition, we provide a geometric description of this congruence criterion, in terms of sheaves on the moduli problem of deformations of formal groups and Frobenius isogenies.
Homology, Homotopy and Applications, Vol. 11 (2009), No. 2, pp.327-379.